newton-api-design

name: newton-api-design description: Use when designing, adding, or reviewing public API for the Newton physics engine — class names, method signatures, type hints, docstrings, or parameter conventions. Also use when unsure if new API conforms to project conventions.

Newton API Design Conventions

Detailed patterns that supplement AGENTS.md. Read AGENTS.md first for the basics (prefix-first naming, PEP 604, Google-style docstrings, SI units, Sphinx cross-refs).

Builder Method Signature Template

All ModelBuilder.add_shape_* methods follow this parameter order:

def add_shape_cone(
    self,
    body: int,
    xform: Transform | None = None,
    # shape-specific params here (radius, half_height, etc.)
    radius: float = 1.0,
    half_height: float = 0.5,
    cfg: ShapeConfig | None = None,
    as_site: bool = False,
    color: Vec3 | None = None,
    label: str | None = None,
    custom_attributes: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
) -> int:
    """Adds a cone collision shape to a body.

    Args:
        body: Index of the parent body. Use -1 for static shapes.
        xform: Transform in parent body's local frame. If ``None``,
            identity transform is used.
        radius: Cone base radius [m].
        half_height: Half the cone height [m].
        cfg: Shape configuration. If ``None``, uses
            :attr:`default_shape_cfg`.
        as_site: If ``True``, creates a site instead of a collision shape.
        color: Optional display RGB color in [0, 1]. If ``None``, uses
            the per-shape palette color.
        label: Optional label for identifying the shape.
        custom_attributes: Dictionary of custom attribute names to values.

    Returns:
        Index of the newly added shape.
    """

Key conventions:

• xform (not tf, transform, or pose) — always Transform | None = None
• cfg (not config, shape_config) — always ShapeConfig | None = None
• body, color, label, custom_attributes — standard params on all builder methods
• Defaults are None, not constructed objects like wp.transform()

Nested Classes

Use IntEnum (not Enum with strings) for enumerations:

class Model:
    class AttributeAssignment(IntEnum):
        MODEL = 0
        STATE = 1

When an IntEnum includes a NONE member, define it first at 0:

class GeoType(IntEnum):
    NONE = 0
    PLANE = 1
    HFIELD = 2

This keeps the sentinel value stable and leaves room to append future real members at the end instead of inserting them before a trailing NONE.

Dataclass field docstrings go on the line immediately below the field:

@dataclass
class ShapeConfig:
    density: float = 1000.0
    """The density of the shape material."""
    ke: float = 2.5e3
    """The contact elastic stiffness."""

Array Documentation Format

Annotate Warp arrays with the dtype, e.g. wp.array[wp.vec3], wp.array2d[float], wp.array[wp.spatial_vector] | None. Document units and shape in the docstring.

"""Rigid body velocities [m/s, rad/s], shape [body_count]."""
"""Joint forces [N or N·m], shape [joint_dof_count]."""
"""Contact points [m], shape [count, 3]."""

For compound arrays, list per-component units:

"""[0] k_mu [Pa], [1] k_lambda [Pa], ..."""

Use wp.array[X] for 1-D, wp.array2d[X] for 2-D, and wp.array[Any] for polymorphic dtypes.

Quick Checklist

When reviewing new API, verify:

• Parameters use project vocabulary (xform, cfg, body, label)
• Defaults are None, not constructed objects
• Nested enumerations use IntEnum with int values
• Enumerations with NONE define NONE = 0 first
• Dataclass fields have docstrings on the line below
• Warp array annotations include the dtype (e.g. wp.array[wp.vec3]); docstrings give units and shape
• Builder methods include as_site, color, label, custom_attributes