clean-architecture

name: clean-architecture description: Clean Architecture principles and implementation patterns for .NET applications. Use when designing application structure, clarifying layer responsibilities, or implementing Clean Architecture in .NET projects.

Clean Architecture Implementation Guide

When implementing Clean Architecture in .NET applications, follow these core principles:

Layer Separation

Domain Layer (Core Business Logic)

• Contains business entities, value objects, and domain services
• No dependencies on external frameworks or libraries
• Pure business logic without technical concerns
• Example: Entity<T>, IAggregateRoot, domain events

Application Layer (Use Cases)

• Implements use cases and application services
• Contains DTOs, interfaces, and command/query handlers
• Orchestrates domain logic but doesn't contain business rules
• Example: ICommandHandler<T>, IQueryHandler<T, TResult>

Infrastructure Layer (External Concerns)

• Database access, file system, external APIs
• Implementation of application layer interfaces
• Technical details like Entity Framework configuration
• Example: DbContext, IRepository<T>, IEmailService

Presentation Layer (API/UI)

• API endpoints, controllers, or web interfaces
• HTTP request/response handling
• Input validation and output formatting
• Example: Controllers, middleware, DTO mapping

Key Principles

Dependency Rule

• Dependencies flow inward toward the Domain
• Inner layers don't know about outer layers
• Use dependency inversion for all cross-layer communication

Business Logic Independence

• Business rules should be framework-agnostic
• No dependency on Entity Framework, ASP.NET Core, etc.
• Entities should be POCOs (Plain Old CLR Objects)

Interface Segregation

• Define interfaces in the layer that needs them
• Implement interfaces in the appropriate outer layer
• Use dependency injection for all cross-layer dependencies

Implementation Patterns

Entity Structure

// Domain Entity
public abstract class Entity<T>
{
    public T Id { get; protected set; }
    public DateTime CreatedAt { get; protected set; }
    
    // Domain logic methods
    public void Validate() { /* business rules */ }
}

// Multi-tenant entity
public abstract class MultiTenantEntity : Entity<Guid>, ITenantEntity
{
    public Guid TenantId { get; protected set; }
    
    public bool BelongsToTenant(Guid tenantId) => 
        TenantId == tenantId;
}

Repository Pattern

// Application layer interface
public interface IRepository<T> where T : Entity<Guid>
{
    Task<T> GetByIdAsync(Guid id);
    Task<IEnumerable<T>> GetAllAsync();
    Task AddAsync(T entity);
    Task UpdateAsync(T entity);
    Task DeleteAsync(Guid id);
}

// Infrastructure implementation
public class Repository<T> : IRepository<T> where T : Entity<Guid>
{
    private readonly GloboTicketDbContext _context;
    
    // Implementation with EF Core
}

Use Case Pattern

public class CreateVenueCommand : IRequest<VenueDto>
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public string Address { get; set; }
    public Guid TenantId { get; set; }
}

public class CreateVenueCommandHandler :
    IRequestHandler<CreateVenueCommand, VenueDto>
{
    private readonly IVenueRepository _venueRepository;
    private readonly IMapper _mapper;
    
    public async Task<VenueDto> Handle(CreateVenueCommand request)
    {
        var venue = new Venue(request.Name, request.Address, request.TenantId);
        await _venueRepository.AddAsync(venue);
        return _mapper.Map<VenueDto>(venue);
    }
}

GloboTicket Implementation

Project Structure

• GloboTicket.Domain/ - Domain entities and business logic
• GloboTicket.Application/ - Application services, use cases, DTOs, interfaces
• GloboTicket.Infrastructure/ - EF Core DbContext, configurations, external services
• GloboTicket.API/ - Minimal API endpoints, middleware, HTTP concerns

Layer Responsibilities in GloboTicket

Application Layer (GloboTicket.Application/):

• Services/ - Application services that orchestrate domain logic (ActService, VenueService, ShowService, etc.)
• DTOs/ - Data transfer objects for API contracts
• MultiTenancy/ - ITenantContext interface for tenant resolution
• Services inject EF Core's base DbContext class and use Set<TEntity>() for data access

Infrastructure Layer (GloboTicket.Infrastructure/):

• Data/GloboTicketDbContext.cs - Concrete EF Core DbContext implementation
• Data/Configurations/ - Entity Framework Fluent API configurations
• Data/Migrations/ - EF Core database migrations
• Implements Application layer interfaces, never contains business logic

Tenant Context Integration

• Use ITenantContext for tenant resolution
• Enforce tenant isolation in all queries
• Include tenant validation in business logic

Configuration

• Fluent API for entity configuration
• Separate configuration classes per entity
• Proper relationship and constraint definitions

Testing Strategy

• Unit tests for domain logic (Domain layer)
• Application tests for use cases (Application layer)
• Integration tests for infrastructure (Infrastructure layer)
• API tests for endpoints (Presentation layer)

This architecture ensures maintainability, testability, and adherence to SOLID principles while providing clear separation of concerns.