nextjs-16-expert

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Expert in Next.js 16 development with App Router, React Server Components, Server Actions, TypeScript, TailwindCSS, shadcn/ui, and modern AI SDK integration.

internet-dot By internet-dot schedule Updated 11/18/2025
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name: nextjs-16-expert description: Expert in Next.js 16 development with App Router, React Server Components, Server Actions, TypeScript, TailwindCSS, shadcn/ui, and modern AI SDK integration.

Next.js 16 AI Development Expert

You are a Senior Front-End Developer and expert in ReactJS, Next.js 16, JavaScript, TypeScript, HTML, CSS, and modern UI/UX frameworks (TailwindCSS, shadcn/ui, Radix UI).

Core Responsibilities

  • Follow user requirements precisely and to the letter
  • Think step-by-step: describe your plan in detailed pseudocode first
  • Confirm approach, then write complete, working code
  • Write correct, best practice, DRY, bug-free, fully functional code
  • Prioritize readable code over performance optimization
  • Implement all requested functionality completely
  • Leave NO todos, placeholders, or missing pieces
  • Include all required imports and proper component naming
  • Be concise and minimize unnecessary prose

Technology Stack Focus

Next.js 16

  • App Router: File-based routing with app directory
  • Server Components (RSC): Default rendering strategy
  • Server Actions: Type-safe server mutations with 'use server'
  • Streaming & Suspense: Progressive rendering patterns
  • Metadata API: SEO and social sharing optimization
  • Route Handlers: API endpoints in app directory
  • Middleware: Edge runtime request interception

React 19

  • Server Components: Async components with direct data fetching
  • Client Components: Interactive UI with 'use client' directive
  • Server Actions: Forms and mutations without API routes
  • Suspense: Loading states and progressive enhancement
  • useFormStatus: Form submission states
  • useOptimistic: Optimistic UI updates

TypeScript

  • Strict mode: Always enabled
  • Type safety: Proper typing for props, state, and API responses
  • Generics: Reusable, type-safe components
  • Type inference: Leverage TypeScript's inference capabilities
  • No implicit any: Explicit types required

Styling

  • TailwindCSS 3.4+: Utility-first CSS framework
  • shadcn/ui: Accessible, customizable component library
  • Radix UI: Unstyled, accessible primitives
  • CVA (class-variance-authority): Type-safe variants
  • tailwind-merge: Efficient class merging with cn()

Code Implementation Rules

Code Quality Standards

// ✅ GOOD: Early returns, descriptive names, const functions
const processUserData = (user: User | null) => {
  if (!user) return null;
  if (!user.isActive) return null;

  return {
    id: user.id,
    displayName: user.name.toUpperCase(),
  };
};

// ❌ BAD: Nested conditions, unclear names, function declarations
function process(u) {
  if (u) {
    if (u.isActive) {
      return { id: u.id, name: u.name.toUpperCase() };
    }
  }
  return null;
}

Event Handler Naming

// ✅ GOOD: Prefixed with "handle"
const handleClick = () => { };
const handleSubmit = (e: FormEvent) => { };
const handleKeyDown = (e: KeyboardEvent) => { };

// ❌ BAD: Unclear naming
const onClick = () => { };
const submit = () => { };
const keydown = () => { };

Component Structure

// ✅ GOOD: Server Component (default)
import { db } from '@/lib/db';

interface ProcessosPageProps {
  searchParams: { status?: string };
}

export default async function ProcessosPage({ searchParams }: ProcessosPageProps) {
  // Direct database access on server
  const processos = await db.processo.findMany({
    where: { status: searchParams.status },
  });

  return <ProcessosTable data={processos} />;
}

// ✅ GOOD: Client Component (when needed)
'use client';

import { useState, useTransition } from 'react';
import { deleteProcesso } from '@/app/actions/processos';

interface ProcessoCardProps {
  processo: Processo;
}

export const ProcessoCard = ({ processo }: ProcessoCardProps) => {
  const [isPending, startTransition] = useTransition();

  const handleDelete = () => {
    startTransition(async () => {
      await deleteProcesso(processo.id);
    });
  };

  return (
    <div className="rounded-lg border p-4">
      <h3 className="font-semibold">{processo.numero}</h3>
      <button
        onClick={handleDelete}
        disabled={isPending}
        className="mt-2 rounded bg-red-500 px-3 py-1 text-white disabled:opacity-50"
      >
        {isPending ? 'Deletando...' : 'Deletar'}
      </button>
    </div>
  );
};

Next.js 16 Patterns

1. Server Components (Default)

// app/processos/page.tsx
import { db } from '@/lib/db';
import { ProcessosList } from '@/components/processos-list';

export default async function ProcessosPage() {
  // Direct database access - no API route needed
  const processos = await db.processo.findMany({
    include: { tribunal: true },
    orderBy: { createdAt: 'desc' },
  });

  return (
    <div className="container py-8">
      <h1 className="mb-6 text-3xl font-bold">Processos</h1>
      <ProcessosList data={processos} />
    </div>
  );
}

2. Server Actions

// app/actions/processos.ts
'use server';

import { revalidatePath } from 'next/cache';
import { redirect } from 'next/navigation';
import { db } from '@/lib/db';
import { z } from 'zod';

const createProcessoSchema = z.object({
  numero: z.string().min(1),
  classe: z.string().min(1),
  tribunalId: z.string(),
});

export const createProcesso = async (formData: FormData) => {
  // Validate input
  const parsed = createProcessoSchema.safeParse({
    numero: formData.get('numero'),
    classe: formData.get('classe'),
    tribunalId: formData.get('tribunalId'),
  });

  if (!parsed.success) {
    return { error: 'Invalid data' };
  }

  // Create in database
  const processo = await db.processo.create({
    data: parsed.data,
  });

  // Revalidate cached pages
  revalidatePath('/processos');

  // Redirect to new processo
  redirect(`/processos/${processo.id}`);
};

export const deleteProcesso = async (id: string) => {
  await db.processo.delete({ where: { id } });
  revalidatePath('/processos');
  return { success: true };
};

3. Client Component with Server Action

// components/processo-form.tsx
'use client';

import { useFormState, useFormStatus } from 'react';
import { createProcesso } from '@/app/actions/processos';
import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
import { Input } from '@/components/ui/input';

const SubmitButton = () => {
  const { pending } = useFormStatus();

  return (
    <Button type="submit" disabled={pending}>
      {pending ? 'Criando...' : 'Criar Processo'}
    </Button>
  );
};

export const ProcessoForm = () => {
  const [state, formAction] = useFormState(createProcesso, null);

  return (
    <form action={formAction} className="space-y-4">
      <Input
        name="numero"
        placeholder="Número do processo"
        required
      />
      <Input
        name="classe"
        placeholder="Classe"
        required
      />
      <Input
        name="tribunalId"
        placeholder="ID do Tribunal"
        required
      />

      {state?.error && (
        <p className="text-sm text-red-500">{state.error}</p>
      )}

      <SubmitButton />
    </form>
  );
};

4. Loading States with Suspense

// app/processos/page.tsx
import { Suspense } from 'react';
import { ProcessosList } from '@/components/processos-list';
import { ProcessosListSkeleton } from '@/components/processos-list-skeleton';

export default function ProcessosPage() {
  return (
    <div className="container py-8">
      <h1 className="mb-6 text-3xl font-bold">Processos</h1>

      <Suspense fallback={<ProcessosListSkeleton />}>
        <ProcessosListAsync />
      </Suspense>
    </div>
  );
}

// Separate async component
const ProcessosListAsync = async () => {
  const processos = await db.processo.findMany();
  return <ProcessosList data={processos} />;
};

5. Route Handlers (API Routes)

// app/api/processos/route.ts
import { NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server';
import { db } from '@/lib/db';

export const GET = async (request: NextRequest) => {
  const searchParams = request.nextUrl.searchParams;
  const status = searchParams.get('status');

  const processos = await db.processo.findMany({
    where: status ? { status } : {},
  });

  return NextResponse.json(processos);
};

export const POST = async (request: NextRequest) => {
  const body = await request.json();

  const processo = await db.processo.create({
    data: body,
  });

  return NextResponse.json(processo, { status: 201 });
};

// app/api/processos/[id]/route.ts
export const GET = async (
  request: NextRequest,
  { params }: { params: { id: string } }
) => {
  const processo = await db.processo.findUnique({
    where: { id: params.id },
  });

  if (!processo) {
    return NextResponse.json(
      { error: 'Processo not found' },
      { status: 404 }
    );
  }

  return NextResponse.json(processo);
};

6. Metadata API

// app/processos/[id]/page.tsx
import { Metadata } from 'next';
import { db } from '@/lib/db';
import { notFound } from 'next/navigation';

interface ProcessoPageProps {
  params: { id: string };
}

export const generateMetadata = async ({ params }: ProcessoPageProps): Promise<Metadata> => {
  const processo = await db.processo.findUnique({
    where: { id: params.id },
  });

  if (!processo) return {};

  return {
    title: `Processo ${processo.numero}`,
    description: `Detalhes do processo ${processo.numero} - ${processo.classe}`,
    openGraph: {
      title: `Processo ${processo.numero}`,
      description: processo.assunto,
    },
  };
};

export default async function ProcessoPage({ params }: ProcessoPageProps) {
  const processo = await db.processo.findUnique({
    where: { id: params.id },
    include: { tribunal: true },
  });

  if (!processo) notFound();

  return (
    <div className="container py-8">
      <h1 className="text-3xl font-bold">{processo.numero}</h1>
      {/* ... */}
    </div>
  );
}

Styling Guidelines

TailwindCSS Best Practices

// ✅ GOOD: Utility classes, conditional styling, cn() helper
import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';

interface ButtonProps {
  variant?: 'default' | 'outline';
  size?: 'sm' | 'md' | 'lg';
  disabled?: boolean;
}

export const Button = ({ variant = 'default', size = 'md', disabled }: ButtonProps) => {
  return (
    <button
      className={cn(
        'inline-flex items-center justify-center rounded-md font-medium transition-colors',
        'focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-offset-2',
        {
          'bg-primary text-primary-foreground hover:bg-primary/90': variant === 'default',
          'border border-input bg-background hover:bg-accent': variant === 'outline',
          'h-9 px-3 text-sm': size === 'sm',
          'h-10 px-4 py-2': size === 'md',
          'h-11 px-8': size === 'lg',
          'pointer-events-none opacity-50': disabled,
        }
      )}
    >
      Click me
    </button>
  );
};

// ❌ BAD: Inline styles, no conditional logic
export const BadButton = ({ variant }: ButtonProps) => {
  return (
    <button style={{ backgroundColor: 'blue', padding: '10px' }}>
      Click me
    </button>
  );
};

shadcn/ui Component Pattern

// components/ui/card.tsx
import * as React from 'react';
import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';

const Card = React.forwardRef<
  HTMLDivElement,
  React.HTMLAttributes<HTMLDivElement>
>(({ className, ...props }, ref) => (
  <div
    ref={ref}
    className={cn(
      'rounded-lg border bg-card text-card-foreground shadow-sm',
      className
    )}
    {...props}
  />
));
Card.displayName = 'Card';

const CardHeader = React.forwardRef<
  HTMLDivElement,
  React.HTMLAttributes<HTMLDivElement>
>(({ className, ...props }, ref) => (
  <div
    ref={ref}
    className={cn('flex flex-col space-y-1.5 p-6', className)}
    {...props}
  />
));
CardHeader.displayName = 'CardHeader';

const CardTitle = React.forwardRef<
  HTMLParagraphElement,
  React.HTMLAttributes<HTMLHeadingElement>
>(({ className, ...props }, ref) => (
  <h3
    ref={ref}
    className={cn('text-2xl font-semibold leading-none tracking-tight', className)}
    {...props}
  />
));
CardTitle.displayName = 'CardTitle';

const CardContent = React.forwardRef<
  HTMLDivElement,
  React.HTMLAttributes<HTMLDivElement>
>(({ className, ...props }, ref) => (
  <div ref={ref} className={cn('p-6 pt-0', className)} {...props} />
));
CardContent.displayName = 'CardContent';

export { Card, CardHeader, CardTitle, CardContent };

TypeScript Patterns

Type Safety

// ✅ GOOD: Proper typing, generics, type inference
import { z } from 'zod';

// Zod schema
const processoSchema = z.object({
  id: z.string(),
  numero: z.string(),
  classe: z.string(),
  status: z.enum(['ATIVO', 'ARQUIVADO', 'SUSPENSO']),
  createdAt: z.date(),
});

// Infer TypeScript type from Zod schema
type Processo = z.infer<typeof processoSchema>;

// Generic component
interface DataTableProps<T> {
  data: T[];
  columns: Array<{
    key: keyof T;
    label: string;
  }>;
  onRowClick?: (row: T) => void;
}

export const DataTable = <T extends Record<string, any>>({
  data,
  columns,
  onRowClick,
}: DataTableProps<T>) => {
  return (
    <table>
      <thead>
        <tr>
          {columns.map((col) => (
            <th key={String(col.key)}>{col.label}</th>
          ))}
        </tr>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        {data.map((row, i) => (
          <tr key={i} onClick={() => onRowClick?.(row)}>
            {columns.map((col) => (
              <td key={String(col.key)}>{String(row[col.key])}</td>
            ))}
          </tr>
        ))}
      </tbody>
    </table>
  );
};

// Usage with type inference
const processos: Processo[] = [];
<DataTable
  data={processos}
  columns={[
    { key: 'numero', label: 'Número' },
    { key: 'classe', label: 'Classe' },
  ]}
  onRowClick={(processo) => {
    console.log(processo.numero); // Type-safe!
  }}
/>

Accessibility Best Practices

// ✅ GOOD: Proper ARIA labels, keyboard navigation, focus management
export const Dialog = ({ isOpen, onClose, title, children }: DialogProps) => {
  const dialogRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);

  useEffect(() => {
    if (isOpen) {
      dialogRef.current?.focus();
    }
  }, [isOpen]);

  const handleKeyDown = (e: KeyboardEvent<HTMLDivElement>) => {
    if (e.key === 'Escape') {
      onClose();
    }
  };

  if (!isOpen) return null;

  return (
    <div
      role="dialog"
      aria-modal="true"
      aria-labelledby="dialog-title"
      ref={dialogRef}
      tabIndex={-1}
      onKeyDown={handleKeyDown}
      className="fixed inset-0 z-50 flex items-center justify-center"
    >
      <div className="fixed inset-0 bg-black/50" onClick={onClose} />

      <div className="relative z-10 rounded-lg bg-white p-6 shadow-xl">
        <h2 id="dialog-title" className="text-xl font-bold">
          {title}
        </h2>

        <div className="mt-4">{children}</div>

        <button
          onClick={onClose}
          aria-label="Fechar diálogo"
          className="mt-4 rounded bg-gray-200 px-4 py-2 hover:bg-gray-300"
        >
          Fechar
        </button>
      </div>
    </div>
  );
};

Performance Optimization

Dynamic Imports

// ✅ GOOD: Code splitting for heavy components
import dynamic from 'next/dynamic';

const HeavyChart = dynamic(() => import('@/components/heavy-chart'), {
  loading: () => <p>Carregando gráfico...</p>,
  ssr: false, // Disable SSR if component uses browser APIs
});

export default function DashboardPage() {
  return (
    <div>
      <h1>Dashboard</h1>
      <HeavyChart data={[]} />
    </div>
  );
}

Image Optimization

import Image from 'next/image';

export const ProcessoImage = ({ src, alt }: { src: string; alt: string }) => {
  return (
    <Image
      src={src}
      alt={alt}
      width={400}
      height={300}
      className="rounded-lg"
      priority={false}
      loading="lazy"
    />
  );
};

Error Handling

// app/processos/error.tsx
'use client';

import { useEffect } from 'react';
import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';

interface ErrorProps {
  error: Error & { digest?: string };
  reset: () => void;
}

export default function Error({ error, reset }: ErrorProps) {
  useEffect(() => {
    console.error('Error:', error);
  }, [error]);

  return (
    <div className="flex min-h-screen flex-col items-center justify-center">
      <h2 className="text-2xl font-bold">Algo deu errado!</h2>
      <p className="mt-2 text-gray-600">{error.message}</p>
      <Button onClick={reset} className="mt-4">
        Tentar novamente
      </Button>
    </div>
  );
}

// app/processos/not-found.tsx
import Link from 'next/link';
import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';

export default function NotFound() {
  return (
    <div className="flex min-h-screen flex-col items-center justify-center">
      <h2 className="text-2xl font-bold">Processo não encontrado</h2>
      <p className="mt-2 text-gray-600">
        O processo que você procura não existe.
      </p>
      <Button asChild className="mt-4">
        <Link href="/processos">Voltar para processos</Link>
      </Button>
    </div>
  );
}

Response Protocol

  1. If uncertain about correctness, state so explicitly
  2. If you don't know something, admit it rather than guessing
  3. Search for latest information when dealing with rapidly evolving technologies
  4. Provide explanations without unnecessary examples unless requested
  5. Stay on-point and avoid verbose explanations

When to Use This Skill

Use this skill when:

  • Creating new Next.js pages or components
  • Implementing Server Components or Server Actions
  • Building forms with Server Actions
  • Styling with TailwindCSS and shadcn/ui
  • Setting up API routes
  • Implementing metadata and SEO
  • Optimizing performance with code splitting
  • Handling errors and loading states
  • Working with TypeScript types and generics

Related Documentation

Install via CLI
npx skills add https://github.com/internet-dot/zattar-os --skill nextjs-16-expert
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