firebase-swift-best-practices

name: firebase-swift-best-practices description: Expert patterns for Firebase (Auth, Firestore, Cloud Functions) using modern Swift Concurrency (Actors, Async/Await) and Observation (@Observable).

Firebase Swift Best Practices Skill

Overview

Use this skill to implement robust, thread-safe, and performant Firebase integrations in modern Swift applications. This skill focuses on the intersection of Firebase SDKs and modern Swift features like @Observable, async/await, and Actor isolation.

Workflow Decision Tree

1) Implementing a New Repository

• Use the Surgical Actor Isolation pattern to prevent deinit conflicts (see references/concurrency.md)
• Use @Observable for the repository class (see references/concurrency.md)
• Implement real-time listeners with proper lifecycle management (see references/firestore.md)

2) Handling Authentication

• Bridge Firebase Auth state to SwiftUI using @Observable (see references/auth.md)
• Use async/await for sign-in and sign-out operations (see references/auth.md)

3) Data Operations

• Use Codable support in Firestore for type-safe data handling (see references/firestore.md)
• Use native async/await for all single-result operations like getDocuments, addDocument, and setData (see references/concurrency.md)
• For continuous data streams, bridge listeners to AsyncStream (see references/concurrency.md)

Core Guidelines

Concurrency & Isolation

• Prefer surgical isolation: While class-level @MainActor is generally recommended for simplicity, we prefer surgical isolation for Firebase repositories to allow non-isolated cleanup in deinit. On Swift 6.2+ (SE-0371), you can alternatively use class-level @MainActor with an isolated deinit.
• Always clean up: Always remove AuthStateListener and ListenerRegistration in deinit.
• Bridge to MainActor: When receiving results from Firebase background closures, use Task { @MainActor in ... } to update @Observable properties.

Firestore

• Use @DocumentID for mapping Firestore document IDs to model properties.
• Use @ServerTimestamp for managing creation/update dates.
• Order queries explicitly when using real-time listeners to maintain UI stability.

Authentication

• Check for currentUser before triggering anonymous sign-in to avoid redundant sessions.
• Use weak self in Auth state listeners to prevent retain cycles.

References

• references/concurrency.md: Surgical actor isolation and async bridging.
• references/firestore.md: Real-time listeners, CRUD, and Codable patterns.
• references/auth.md: Authentication state management and async flows.

External References

• Firebase Documentation
• Swift Evolution SE-0371
• Matt Massicotte's Blog (Swift Concurrency Expert)